Newton Place Pharmacy
Rabies
Rabies occurs in mammals and is transmitted to humans by a scratch or bite from an infected animal, most commonly dogs.
Where is Rabies Virus Found?
Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear. Rabies is present on all continents, except Antarctica, however the majority (95%) of human deaths occur in Asia and African regions where it is most prevalent.
Areas with high levels of infection include countries with poor sanitary conditions and hygiene practices. These areas include: the Indian subcontinent, Sub-Saharan and North Africa, parts of the Far East, South and Central America, and the Middle East.
Certain travellers are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis A, including: those who are staying with or visiting friends and family or long-stay travellers especially back packers staying in hostels.
How can I protect myself or others from Rabies?
The most effective way to protect yourself against rabies is through vaccination, particularly if you are travelling to higher risk regions or spending time in rural areas. The vaccine is given as a course of injections before travel and provides protection if you are exposed.
Rabies is spread through the saliva of infected animals, usually through bites or scratches. You can reduce your risk by avoiding contact with stray dogs, monkeys, bats and other wild animals, even if they appear friendly.
How can I protect myself or others from Rabies?
If you are bitten, scratched or licked on broken skin, wash the wound immediately with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes and seek urgent medical attention, even if you have been vaccinated.
Avoiding animal contact and ensuring vaccination before travel provides the best protection.
What not to do in Cholera prevalent countries:
What not to do in Cholera prevalent countries:
Avoid touching monkeys, dogs or bats, even if they seem friendly
Do not ignore any bites, scratches or licks on broken skin
Common Symptoms of Rabies
As the infection progresses, it can lead to confusion, paralysis and difficulty breathing. Rabies is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, which is why urgent treatment after any potential exposure is essential.
Fever & Headache
Sickness Vomiting
Feeling Thirsty
Difficulty Swallowing
Effective Treatment for Rabies
The most effective treatment is vaccination prior to exposure, often in many countries’ vaccination will be given post exposure however HypeRab is the most effective treatment as it contains Immune globulin, (rabies antibodies).
HypeRab is rarely provided either due to inaccessibility or stock issues. Ideally post exposure should be provided within 24 hours hence those travelling where hospital access is limited should be advised to get vaccinated prior to travelling
Additional Information
Once symptoms are present, rabies is almost always fatal. Saliva should be thoroughly washed with soap and water for 10 mins and the wound irrigated with iodine solution or alcohol
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